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A byte-by-byte audit trail of the post-quantum cryptography securing this transaction. Every hex value below is real on-chain data — nothing is hashed, abbreviated, or interpolated.
0xc73bd28e9475cbf16b151ced7be2d060d9b4ce251c23c20a432e7fe6aa543f67The raw 3293-byte Dilithium Mode 3 signature, colour-coded by component per NIST FIPS 204: z≈ 640 bytes (masked response)h≈ 120 bytes (sparse hint)c̃32 bytes (challenge seed)
| 0000 | a6 | 91 | 2e | 53 | b4 | 1e | 22 | 3c | 68 | d6 | 46 | cb | 23 | 2a | d7 | 99 |
| 0010 | 74 | 11 | 92 | 68 | 21 | 23 | b7 | d8 | 30 | 72 | 85 | 82 | 68 | 00 | ff | 2d |
| 0020 | 75 | 36 | d0 | 67 | 81 | 84 | c2 | ff | bf | 64 | 1d | cd | d2 | 7c | fe | 3c |
| 0030 | 55 | 92 | 6e | af | 89 | b5 | 96 | 19 | 3c | 3c | 79 | 44 | 73 | 20 | 95 | 91 |
| 0040 | 7f | 5f | ca | 2a | d0 | 84 | 62 | 19 | 1c | 8a | 3d | f6 | d4 | d9 | 64 | a1 |
| 0050 | 76 | 2c | 8b | 8b | 64 | 47 | 7a | 3c | eb | 6f | 2e | 1d | fb | 64 | c6 | 0c |
| 0060 | 7e | b5 | bc | 50 | 4f | 5f | 09 | fc | f6 | 9f | 16 | 42 | ea | ec | 89 | b6 |
| 0070 | 81 | f6 | b1 | d6 | 94 | 4c | 38 | c9 | c8 | ca | 92 | 98 | d6 | fe | 1d | 04 |
Disclaimer: Dilithium signatures use a structured, variable-length serialisation — z may compress, h stores a sparse hint vector. The component boundaries above are illustrative; the cryptographic primitive is what matters, not the byte ranges.
The signer's 1952-byte Dilithium public key. Composed of a 32-byte seed ρ followed by ~1920 bytes of packed t1 coefficients.
| 0000 | 22 | e2 | 3c | 2b | bb | 00 | e8 | 5f | d4 | 12 | 4f | 59 | 19 | 3f | 48 | 6a |
| 0010 | 07 | ea | b7 | a4 | 43 | aa | 53 | 30 | 46 | d1 | 77 | 09 | c7 | a8 | d2 | cc |
| 0020 | bb | 0f | c0 | 16 | af | 45 | 36 | 6a | b7 | ae | 6c | 7f | a7 | 91 | 3f | fa |
| 0030 | 4e | 88 | 62 | 3a | 70 | b9 | 58 | 2b | f0 | 17 | 61 | a9 | 32 | 39 | 3d | de |
| 0040 | fa | 77 | e4 | 62 | 08 | 9e | 68 | 53 | 12 | 49 | a9 | d0 | a5 | a1 | 52 | 59 |
| 0050 | ce | a2 | 0e | fd | 0c | 14 | 91 | f3 | 26 | dc | ca | b0 | 16 | bb | 9d | f0 |
| 0060 | 6f | 8c | fe | 5b | f6 | 62 | 28 | c3 | ce | 89 | a6 | 81 | 95 | 15 | ff | 57 |
| 0070 | 87 | 4d | 9b | 0f | 37 | 91 | 00 | 64 | d6 | e7 | 52 | 5d | 71 | 36 | 41 | be |
QuantumWing addresses are derived from the Dilithium public key via Keccak-256 — identical to Ethereum's ECDSA-based scheme, but with a 1952-byte quantum-safe input instead of 64 bytes.
0x6ca70734b8788a464a44995a6ed47eaa2005b875891314e6d21f69804401720e0x6ed47eaa2005b875891314e6d21f69804401720e0x6ED47eaA2005B875891314e6d21F69804401720efrom addressThe deterministic binary pre-image that the validator's Dilithium key actually signed. Domain-separated with a protocol version + chain ID to prevent cross-chain replay attacks.
| Offset | Size | Field | Pre-image? | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0x0000 | 4B | protocolVersion | ✓ Signed | Domain-separation tag (uint32, big-endian) — prevents cross-protocol replay. |
| 0x0004 | 32B | chainID | ✓ Signed | QuantumWing chain ID — prevents cross-chain replay. |
| 0x0024 | 8B | height | ✓ Signed | Sequential block height (uint64, big-endian). |
| 0x002c | 8B | slot | ✓ Signed | PoR slot number (uint64). |
| 0x0034 | 32B | parentHash | ✓ Signed | SHA3-256 of the parent block header — links the chain. |
| 0x0054 | 32B | stateRoot | ✓ Signed | Keccak-256 root of the post-execution state trie. |
| 0x0074 | 32B | txRoot | ✓ Signed | Merkle root of all transactions in this block. |
| 0x0094 | 32B | receiptsRoot | ✓ Signed | Merkle root of EVM-style transaction receipts. |
| 0x00b4 | 32B | validatorPubkeyHash | ✓ Signed | Keccak-256 of the proposing validator's Dilithium public key. |
| 0x00d4 | 8B | timestamp | ✓ Signed | Unix timestamp of block creation (uint64). |
| 0x00dc | 8B | gasUsed | ✓ Signed | Total gas consumed in this block. |
| 0x00e4 | 8B | gasLimit | ✓ Signed | Block gas limit (default 30,000,000). |
| 0x00ec | 32B | randao | ✓ Signed | Aggregated RANDAO reveal seed for this slot. |
| 0x010c | 32B | vrfProof | ✓ Signed | Validator's VRF proof of slot eligibility. |
| 0x012c | 32B | extraData | ✓ Signed | Reserved padding / version-specific extension. |
| 0x014c | 1,952B | validatorPubkey | ✓ Signed | Full Dilithium Mode 3 public key of the proposing validator. |
| 0x08ec | 1B | encoding | ✓ Signed | Canonical encoding marker (0x01 = current). |
| 0x08ed | 4B | headerLen | ✓ Signed | Length of the signed pre-image (uint32). |
| 0x08f1 | 23B | padding | ✓ Signed | Zero-padding to align signature offset. |
| 0x0908 | 4B | sigType | Metadata | Signature scheme tag (0x00000003 = Dilithium-3). |
| 0x090c | 100B | sigMetadata | Metadata | Slot, height, validator index — duplicated outside the signed region for fast lookups. |
| 0x0970 | 3,293B | validatorSignature | Metadata | The Dilithium signature itself — IS the signature, not in pre-image. |
CLAUDE.md. Field offsets shown here are illustrative — see the canonical/signed_header.go source for the authoritative wire format.Don't trust this explorer — verify the signature locally. Copy any of the snippets below, paste in the public key + signature + tx hash from above, and confirm independently that this transaction was signed by Dilithium-3.
// Verify QuantumWing transaction signature 0xc73bd28e…543f67
// Run: go run verify.go (deps: github.com/cloudflare/circl/sign/dilithium/mode3)
package main
import (
"encoding/base64"
"fmt"
"github.com/cloudflare/circl/sign/dilithium/mode3"
)
func main() {
sig, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString("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")
pkBytes, _ := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString("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")
var pk mode3.PublicKey
if err := pk.UnmarshalBinary(pkBytes); err != nil {
panic(err)
}
// In production, reconstruct the canonical 3409-byte SignedHeader as the
// pre-image. Here we demo with the tx hash bytes for clarity.
preimage := []byte("0xc73bd28e9475cbf16b151ced7be2d060d9b4ce251c23c20a432e7fe6aa543f67")
ok := mode3.Verify(&pk, preimage, sig)
fmt.Println("signature valid:", ok)
}
canonical/signed_header.go.This signature is secure against both classical and quantum-computer attacks.
QuantumWing uses NIST-standardised post-quantum cryptography from day one. There is no migration window, no "harvest-now-decrypt-later" attack surface, and no dependency on RSA / ECDSA security assumptions.
NIST FIPS 204 (Dilithium / ML-DSA)